1.5 Fused heterocycles with One heteroatom a. Quinoline: Synthetic methods including Skraup synthesis, Doebner-Miller synthesis, Friedlander synthesis, Conrad-Limpach synthesis. Reactions with acids, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS), nucleophiles, oxidizing and reducing agents b. Isoquinoline: Synthetic methods including Bischler-Napieralski and Pomeranz-Fritsch, Reactions including EAS, nucleophiles, oxidizing and reducing agents. c. Indole: Synthesis by Fischer indole synthesis, Madelung synthesis. Reactions with acids, EAS, Metallic K, Mannich reaction, oxidizing and reducing agents. Quinoline, Isoquinoline Indole